Features of the fertilizer "Baikal EM-1" and advice on its use
The name of the EM-preparation "Baikal" is directly related to the famous lake - in 1988 our compatriot P.A.Shablin created a live fertilizer as a result of studies of the soil environment of the coastal ecosystem. Fertilizer has become the best assistant for summer residents and professionals in restoring the microflora of farmland. The instructions for use tell in detail how to prepare and use the drug in summer cottages and at home for indoor plants.
Areas of application of EM drugs
EM preparations (preparations based on effective microorganisms) are designed to restore the soil, saturate it with microflora, which is directly related to an increase in yield, qualitatively and quantitatively. Regular use of "Baikal EM-1" fertilizer during the season gives excellent results:
- soil fertility is restored in a short time (the natural process lasts several months);
- the same crop has been grown in one place for several years;
- seed germination is accelerated, flowering efficiency is increased;
- a natural protection against pathogenic microflora is created.
The special value of the drug is that it does not have a negative impact on the environment and does not impair the quality and shelf life of the harvested crop.
In animal husbandry, the drug is added to water and animal feed, which increases the weight gain, milk yield in dairy animals, and the egg production of birds. Spraying the product in rooms where livestock is kept, impregnating bedding with it eliminates the specific smell.
At home, the tool is used to improve the substrate in pots with indoor plants, when solving household problems.
In residential premises, the drug is used as an effective remedy for eliminating unpleasant odors from cigarettes, pets, etc. It is used for cleaning leather products, sanitizing kitchen utensils, preventing clogging of sewer pipes.
How to use "Baikal EM-1"
Microbiological fertilizer contains more than 60 species of microorganisms (more than a billion bacteria per liter of concentrate), which have a positive effect on plants during different growing seasons. Instructions for the preparation and use of "Baikal EM 1" are simple, do not require special knowledge and skills.
The concentration of the working solution depends on the purpose of its use:
- root dressing in early spring - standard concentration 1: 1000;
- leaf feeding during active growth - 1: 2000;
- for indoor plants - 1: 100.
The solution is prepared in lukewarm water (20-35 ° C), spring water, filtered or boiled. Experienced summer residents recommend adding sugar or jam.
Preparation of 10 liters of working solution with sweet additives 1: 1000 involves the following steps.
- For 10 liters of water take 1 dessert spoon (10 ml) of concentrated fertilizer.
- The components are mixed well and left for 3-7 days. You can apply the solution immediately, but after a day the number of beneficial bacteria will increase several times, respectively, the efficiency of the working solution will also increase.
- To accelerate the awakening of bacteria and increase the rate of their reproduction, sugar, honey or molasses are added to the solution - 1 dessert spoon for each liter of water. Sweets are mixed gradually, 1 spoon per day.
- The container with the solution is tightly sealed and placed in a warm, dark place.On the third day, the lid is removed to release the accumulated carbon dioxide. Further, this procedure is carried out daily.
- The cultivation process is considered complete when the solution acquires a specific kvass, yeast or weak ammonia smell, the pH does not exceed 3.5.
Sometimes a mold film appears on the surface of the solution. This is a natural process, since the rate of awakening and activation of fertilizer microorganisms is different. Also, a flocculent sediment circulating up and down is not a sign of deterioration. The solution is allowed to infuse for the required time, without interfering with the life of bacteria.
The finished solution is stored for no more than 6 months in a dark room at a temperature of 5-15 ° C.
Using working solution
Fertilizer solution "Baikal" is effective at any time of the year. Let's consider how and when it is used.
Seed and planting material processing
Treatment with a solution of 1: 1000 neutralizes pathogens on the surface of seeds, tubers, etc., improves germination and germination, and contributes to the enrichment of the substrate in the root zone with beneficial bacteria. The procedure is carried out immediately before landing:
- the seeds are soaked for 6-12 hours, dried, then sown;
- the bulbs are kept in a solution for 12-14 hours, dried in the shade and planted in prepared places;
- The tubers are soaked for 1-2 hours, ventilated for 1-1.5 hours, re-incubated for an hour and a half in the solution and planted.
Foliar feeding of seedlings
The use of "Baikal EM-1" at the initial stage of growing garden crops prevents overgrowth or stretching of seedlings in case of a lack of light.
A solution of 1: 2000 is used. The first time the seedlings are sprayed after emergence. Processing is carried out after 2 days, after two weeks, fertilization is started every 5-7 days.
It is useful to treat the inner surfaces of the seedling containers with a solution of the drug at a concentration of 1: 100.
Watering at the root
Standard watering with a solution of 1: 1000 is carried out weekly. On depleted and scarce soils - every 3-4 days. If in the fall the beds were fertilized with compost prepared with EM preparations, or spilled with working solution in spring, root dressing is carried out 1-2 times per season only on poor soils.
Watering of garden and vegetable crops after the introduction of mineral fertilizers is especially relevant, since the drug significantly reduces the content of nitrates in fruits.
Watering with the drug 10 days before the start of harvest is necessary to improve the taste, safety and health of fruits and vegetables.
Composting
The maturation of compost with the traditional method of its preparation is a long process - up to a year or more. With the use of Baikal EM-1, high-quality compost is ready for use in three weeks.
All available plant residues (including sawdust, peat, grain threshing waste) are crushed, placed in a container and poured with a solution from 1 glass of the preparation and a bucket of water. Seven are mixed, covered with foil for 3 weeks.
Soil processing in autumn
After harvesting, the product is used to restore soil fertility by choosing one of the options:
- watering or spraying with a solution of 1: 1000 per mulch;
- digging with the introduction of compost prepared with an EM preparation.
Perennial plants are watered with a working solution before wintering in order to simultaneously destroy pathogens in the soil and prepare crops for wintering.
Preparation of EM extracts
The trick of domestic summer residents saving concentrated "Baikal EM-1". In the spring, when the weeds are actively growing, they are mowed, a 200-liter container is rammed with them by a third, a bucket of mullein, a kilogram of wood ash, a liter of jam and a liter of a solution of 1: 100 "Baikal" are added. The container is topped up with water, put oppression and tightly wrapped with plastic wrap. The extract matures for three weeks, its solution is used 1: 500.
Preparation of EM-5 solution
"Baikal EM-5" protects cultivated plants from various diseases and pests, is harmless to people, domestic animals and the environment.
On the basis of EM-1, the agent is prepared according to the following scheme.
- For 100 g of honey or jam, take 600 ml of settled warm water, mix thoroughly.
- Gradually add 100 g of 9% vinegar, 100 ml of vodka and 100 ml of "Baikal EM-1".
- Water is added to a liter volume, the container is tightly closed and placed in a warm, dark place.
- Shake the container daily, remove the lid to release the accumulated gas, close again.
- The readiness of the drug is determined by the cessation of gas evolution.
A standard working solution is prepared at a concentration of 1: 1000, for processing young plants and in spring - 1: 2000. To increase its effectiveness, add an infusion of garlic, aloe, carrot tops, red pepper or yarrow, prepared from 1 hour of plant matter and 1 hour of water.
Cooking urgas
Urgasa is a fertilizer made from household food waste (except for those containing oils, fats and bones). The simplest design of the fermentor is a bucket with a lid, inside there is a lattice support on which a tight bag with holes in the lower part is installed.
Food waste is put in a bag, sprayed with EM1 preparation, tied tightly, placed on a grate and oppression is put on it. The bucket is closed with a lid.
Waste is added no more than once a day, each layer is treated with "Baikal".
The liquid formed during fermentation accumulates at the bottom of the bucket, it is periodically drained, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1000 and used to feed the plants.
Microbiological fertilizer "Baikal EM-1" does not belong to the category of cheap products. When buying, it is advisable to ask the seller to present a certificate of product conformity. A simple measure will protect the buyer from buying a counterfeit.
The advantages and ease of use made the microbiological fertilizer "Baikal EM-1" very popular among summer residents. The non-toxic preparation reliably protects cultivated plants from diseases and pests, allows you to get a tasty, healthy harvest of vegetables and fruits, does not let the soil on the site deplete, maintaining its fertility and structure in a natural way.
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